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【摘要】:《诗经》是中国文化的精髓,翻译《诗经》的方法也很多,有直译、异译,归化、异化,形似、神似,化境等。本文通过分析译作,探讨中国古典文化翻译的方法,加快中国文化走国门。
【关键词】:《诗经》;翻译方法;中国文化
一.简介
《诗经》是中国古典文化的典型代表,语言独居一格、押韵有制、形式整齐划一,翻译起来,不仅考虑形式,还有意义、节奏,如《将仲子》:
将仲子兮,无逾我里,无折我树杞。岂敢爱之?畏我父母。仲可怀也,父母之言亦可畏也。
将仲子兮,无逾我墙,无折我树桑。岂敢爱之?畏我诸兄。仲可怀也,诸兄之言亦可畏也。
将仲子兮,无逾我园,无折我树檀。岂敢爱之?畏人之多言。仲可怀也,人之多言亦可畏也。
原诗是一位女子的内心独白式的情语。该诗最大的特点就是语言的委婉,絮絮道来,恰恰活脱脱出绘出了热恋中少女既痴情、又担忧情郎的情态。表现了在当时社会不准青年男女恋爱、私会的礼法的无形之网中的几多无奈。题目“将仲子”的“将”意思为“请,求求你”,一“将”字温婉的传达了女子的几多情意。第一章,女子热恋中的男郎仲子欲翻入“我里”,但是千万不要这样,一句“岂敢爱之?”反问传神地表达了女子担心仲子误会,但又无奈的情语。接下来解释到,害怕父母责骂。第二、三两章只是表面上是对首章的重复,其实却是情意的层层递进。从“无逾我里”,到“无逾我墙”、“无逾我园”,可看出仲子由远及近,已不顾一切的靠近,与此同时女子的害怕担心也由“畏我父母”至于“畏我诸兄”,最后“畏”到左邻右舍的“人之多言”,扩散开来。“景中传情”,“情中含情”的诗境也跃然纸上。
二.鉴赏英译作
Ts?ang Chung-tsze
理雅各
I pray,Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping into my hamlet;
Do not break my willow trees.
Do I care for them?
But I fear my parents.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the words of my parents
Are also to be feared.
I pray you, Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping over my wall;
Do not break my mulberry trees.
Do I care for them?
But I fear the words of my brothers.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the words of my brothers
Are also to be feared.
I pray you Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping into my garden;
Do not break my sandal trees.
Do I care for them?
But I dread the talk of people.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the talk of people
Is also to be feared.
译作在理解原诗的基础上归化,更加神形兼备,与原文形似,神似。译文用词精炼传神,不拖泥带水。诗味深浓。如译文最后两句 “to be loved, to be feared”与原诗最为“形似”,而且,用被动句可谓与原诗达到异曲同工之妙,英语中被动句不经常使用,常用无灵主语代替,但是在此使用,恰恰使女子的无奈之情跃然纸上,神似也。“Do I care for them?”用反问句,与原诗所传之情相得益彰。“You, O Chung”,采用第二人称,给人以亲密感,更有神韵。当然,译作题目中“将”直接音译为“Ts?ang ”,欠妥当。加之,“hamlet”与“里”是不同的概念,笔者认为如此译法不合适。
本诗,译者加入了归化的成分,如“Mr.Chung”等,但笔者认为要将中国文化推向全世界,更赞成于韦努蒂的解构翻译,他说:“反对英美传统的归化,主张异化的翻译,抵抗式的翻译策略”。应该弘扬中国文化,将原汁原味的中国文化传向全世界。
三.总结
诗歌的翻译是仁者见仁智者见智,但是在译古典诗歌是,尽量走向“形似”“神似”,“化境”的理想境界。
针对此诗,笔者也尝试进行了翻译,译文如下:
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not leap into our yard;
Do not break our willow trees
Do I really mind about them?
But I fear my parents ,
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the words of my parents
Are also to be worried.
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not climb over our wall;
Do not break our mulberry trees.
Do I really mind about them?
But I fear my brothers .
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the words of my brothers
Are also to be feared.
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not jump into our garden;
Do not break our sandal trees.
Do I really mind about them?
But I dread the talk of people.
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the gossip of people
Is also to be dreaded.
【关键词】:《诗经》;翻译方法;中国文化
一.简介
《诗经》是中国古典文化的典型代表,语言独居一格、押韵有制、形式整齐划一,翻译起来,不仅考虑形式,还有意义、节奏,如《将仲子》:
将仲子兮,无逾我里,无折我树杞。岂敢爱之?畏我父母。仲可怀也,父母之言亦可畏也。
将仲子兮,无逾我墙,无折我树桑。岂敢爱之?畏我诸兄。仲可怀也,诸兄之言亦可畏也。
将仲子兮,无逾我园,无折我树檀。岂敢爱之?畏人之多言。仲可怀也,人之多言亦可畏也。
原诗是一位女子的内心独白式的情语。该诗最大的特点就是语言的委婉,絮絮道来,恰恰活脱脱出绘出了热恋中少女既痴情、又担忧情郎的情态。表现了在当时社会不准青年男女恋爱、私会的礼法的无形之网中的几多无奈。题目“将仲子”的“将”意思为“请,求求你”,一“将”字温婉的传达了女子的几多情意。第一章,女子热恋中的男郎仲子欲翻入“我里”,但是千万不要这样,一句“岂敢爱之?”反问传神地表达了女子担心仲子误会,但又无奈的情语。接下来解释到,害怕父母责骂。第二、三两章只是表面上是对首章的重复,其实却是情意的层层递进。从“无逾我里”,到“无逾我墙”、“无逾我园”,可看出仲子由远及近,已不顾一切的靠近,与此同时女子的害怕担心也由“畏我父母”至于“畏我诸兄”,最后“畏”到左邻右舍的“人之多言”,扩散开来。“景中传情”,“情中含情”的诗境也跃然纸上。
二.鉴赏英译作
Ts?ang Chung-tsze
理雅各
I pray,Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping into my hamlet;
Do not break my willow trees.
Do I care for them?
But I fear my parents.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the words of my parents
Are also to be feared.
I pray you, Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping over my wall;
Do not break my mulberry trees.
Do I care for them?
But I fear the words of my brothers.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the words of my brothers
Are also to be feared.
I pray you Mr.Chung,
Do not come leaping into my garden;
Do not break my sandal trees.
Do I care for them?
But I dread the talk of people.
You, O Chung,are to be loved,
But the talk of people
Is also to be feared.
译作在理解原诗的基础上归化,更加神形兼备,与原文形似,神似。译文用词精炼传神,不拖泥带水。诗味深浓。如译文最后两句 “to be loved, to be feared”与原诗最为“形似”,而且,用被动句可谓与原诗达到异曲同工之妙,英语中被动句不经常使用,常用无灵主语代替,但是在此使用,恰恰使女子的无奈之情跃然纸上,神似也。“Do I care for them?”用反问句,与原诗所传之情相得益彰。“You, O Chung”,采用第二人称,给人以亲密感,更有神韵。当然,译作题目中“将”直接音译为“Ts?ang ”,欠妥当。加之,“hamlet”与“里”是不同的概念,笔者认为如此译法不合适。
本诗,译者加入了归化的成分,如“Mr.Chung”等,但笔者认为要将中国文化推向全世界,更赞成于韦努蒂的解构翻译,他说:“反对英美传统的归化,主张异化的翻译,抵抗式的翻译策略”。应该弘扬中国文化,将原汁原味的中国文化传向全世界。
三.总结
诗歌的翻译是仁者见仁智者见智,但是在译古典诗歌是,尽量走向“形似”“神似”,“化境”的理想境界。
针对此诗,笔者也尝试进行了翻译,译文如下:
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not leap into our yard;
Do not break our willow trees
Do I really mind about them?
But I fear my parents ,
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the words of my parents
Are also to be worried.
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not climb over our wall;
Do not break our mulberry trees.
Do I really mind about them?
But I fear my brothers .
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the words of my brothers
Are also to be feared.
O,PLEASE, Zhongzi,
Do not jump into our garden;
Do not break our sandal trees.
Do I really mind about them?
But I dread the talk of people.
It’s You that are to be minded,
But the gossip of people
Is also to be dreaded.