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随着国际文化交流的发展,博物馆之间交流的日益增多,以及馆藏文物保护修复等工作的开展,科学有效地开展文物运输包装,使文物在运输过程中,受到保护,免遭破坏,显得尤为重要。在文物运输包装领域,中国制定了《文物运输包装规范》(GB/T 23862—2009),欧洲制定了《文化财产保护运输包装原则》(EN 15946:2011)、《文化遗产保护运输方式》(EN 16648:2015)。通过对比分析中欧相关标准发现:在文物运输包装方面,中国标准主要是对在文物运输包装过程中使用的材料、包装箱制作及装箱等技术要素提出了要求,但缺少风险评估、包装人员的要求以及文物卸载和重新包装等内容;欧洲标准则强调了文物包装各程序的具体要求,更加注重风险评估等包装的前期准备和计划、包装信息以及包装人员要求等。对中欧标准差异的探讨,为进一步完善我国的文物运输包装规范提供了参考。
With the development of international cultural exchanges, the increasing exchanges between museums and the protection and restoration of cultural relics, the transport of cultural relics and packaging in a scientific and effective manner has made the cultural relics protected and damaged from damage during transportation, important. In the field of cultural relics transportation and packaging, China has formulated the “Code for the Transport of Cultural Relics” (GB / T 23862-2009), the “Packaging Principles for the Protection and Transportation of Cultural Property” (EN 15946: 2011), the “Method of Protection and Transportation of Cultural Heritage” EN 16648: 2015). By comparing the relevant CEIBS standards, we found that in the aspect of the transport of cultural relics, Chinese standards mainly set forth the technical requirements for the materials used in the transport and packaging of cultural relics, the production and packing of boxes, etc., but the lack of risk assessment and packaging staff Requirements and unloading and re-packaging of cultural relics and other content; European standards emphasize the specific requirements of cultural relics packaging process, pay more attention to risk assessment and other pre-packaging preparation and planning, packaging information and packaging requirements. The discussion on the differences between China and the EU standards provides a reference for further improvement of China’s cultural transport packaging standards.