“师夷长技以制夷”(以下简称“师长”思想),是中国近代史上具有划时代意义的思想,有人曾考证说:“师长”思想的首倡人是魏源,而非林则徐。笔者认为,对此问题不应下这样简单的断语。中国文化长期远比周围邻国优秀得多,从而形成“天朝上国”心态,举朝上下不承认外国能具有比中国先进事物。到19世纪,西方殖民者凭借“船坚炮利”觊覦中国时,清延官员们仍抱着这一陈腐观念。1839年,当林则徐奉旨赴粤查禁鸦片前夕,龚自珍向林提出了“三种决定义,三种旁义……”等献策,其中特别提到“火器宜讲求”,林对此表示赞同。到广州 It is an epoch-making idea in modern Chinese history that someone once conducted research on and said: The advocator of “teacher’s mentality” is Wei Yuan, not Lin Zexu. The author believes that this issue should not be such a simple language. Chinese culture has far outlived the neighboring countries for a long time and has thus formed a mentality of “going from heaven to nation,” upholding and disregarding that foreign countries can have more advanced things than China. By the 19th century, when Western colonialists rushed to China by using “gunboats,” Qing officials continued to hold this stereotype. In 1839, when Lin Zexu went to Guangdong to ban the opium on the eve of the ban, Gong Zizhen proposed to Lin the three kinds of defensive justice and the three kinds of patriotism ... and other suggestions. In particular, Lin said that “firearms should be emphasized”. Lin agreed. To Guangzhou