论文部分内容阅读
宗族是由父系血缘关系的各个家庭,在祖先崇拜及宗法观念规范下组成的群体。自宋代开始,宗法传统发生明显下移,形成了以共有地、祠堂、族谱、族规等为特征的新的宗族制度,即近世宗族制度。明清时期,宗族制度发展成熟并成为一种官方支持的民间法。士绅作为宗族组织最主要的领导力量,使宗族成为实际上的基层行政组织。宗族组织和宗族规约的复杂性不但没有带来社会的二元分化,反而形成家国同构的社会高度统一化。
Patriarchal clan is a group formed by patriarchal clan kinship families under the norms of ancestor worship and patriarchal clan. Since the Song Dynasty, the tradition of patriarchal clan evidently shifted down to form a new patriarchal clan system characterized by common ground, ancestral temples, genealogies and family rules, that is, the modern clan system. Ming and Qing Dynasties, clan system developed and become an official support of the civil law. Gentry as the most important leadership of the clan organization made the clan the de facto grassroots administrative organization. The complexities of the clan organization and patriarchal statute not only did not lead to the dichotomy of society, but formed a highly uniform society of same-country structure.