由于受片面工业化战略与一些短视的政绩偏好影响 ,我国工业化相当程度上是在偏离人本主义理念的轨迹上发展的。这突出地表现在许多工业企业的竞争力都是要素成本型的 ,即企业利用制度疏漏和不对称的要素地位 ,通过压低弱要素价格而形成企业效率。由此招致居民消费率下降、基尼系数升高、资源环境过度受损等一系列反人本主义的发展后果。切实转变竞争力观念 ,推动我国企业转向人本主义的要素效率型发展路径 ,已成为我国新型工业化过程中亟待解决的课题。 Owing to the one-sided industrialization strategy and some short-sighted preference for political performance, our country’s industrialization developed to a certain extent on the trajectory deviating from the concept of humanism. This highlights the fact that the competitiveness of many industrial enterprises is factor-cost. That is, enterprises make use of the omission and asymmetry of institutional factors to create enterprise efficiency by lowering the prices of weak factors. As a result, the development of a series of anti-humanistic consequences, such as a drop in the consumption rate of residents, an increase in the Gini coefficient, and an excessive loss of resources and the environment, have been incurred. To effectively change the concept of competitiveness and to promote the efficiency-oriented development of the elements of our country’s enterprises toward humanism has become a pressing issue to be solved in the process of China’s new-type industrialization.