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目的:采用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,结合三维摄像测量技术,从运动生物力学视角对旋风脚720°接马步动作落地时致膝关节损伤的影响因素进行研究。方法:选取四川省武术队5名优秀运动员,针对旋风脚720°接马步动作进行三维摄像测量,获得各阶段运动参数,量化分析各阶段数据特征。结论:旋风脚720°接马步动作落地阶段致膝关节损伤具有普遍性,该动作导致膝关节损伤的主要形式有半月板、侧副韧带、交叉韧带损伤等;落地瞬间产生的冲撞力是旋风脚720°接马步动作落地时致膝关节损伤的主要因素,决定落地瞬间冲撞力的影响因素主要是运动员的体重、腾空高度及落地方式;体重是相对不变的量,而腾空高度决定该动作的完成质量,腾空越高,动作质量越高,同时为落地阶段赢得缓冲时间;在体重和腾空高度一定时,人体可以在落地阶段通过调整肢体动作来改变转动惯量和左右膝角的大小,延缓落地过程的时间,达到减少冲撞力峰值目的,以获得合理的缓冲保护膝关节。
OBJECTIVE: To study the influencing factors of knee joint injury caused by landing of 720 ° cyclone foot on horseback from the perspective of sports biomechanics by means of literature review, expert interviews and questionnaires, combined with three-dimensional photogrammetry. Methods: Five elite athletes from Sichuan Wushu Team were selected. Three-dimensional camera measurements were taken for the 720 ° whirlwind footstep. The motion parameters of each stage were obtained, and the data characteristics of each stage were quantitatively analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The knee joint injury caused by the landing of 720 ° Cyclone on horseback is common. The main forms of knee joint injury are meniscus, collateral ligament and cruciate ligament injury. The impact force at the instant of landing is cyclone The main factor that caused the injury of knee joint when foot 720 ° took horseback landing was mainly the weight, height and way of landing of the athlete. The weight was a relatively constant quantity, The quality of the completion of the action, the higher the vacancy, the higher the quality of the action, and at the same time, it wins the buffering time for the landing stage. When the weight and the vacating height are certain, the human body can change the moment of inertia and the size of the knee angle by adjusting limb movements during the landing phase, Delay the time of landing process to achieve the purpose of reducing the peak impact force in order to obtain a reasonable buffer to protect the knee.