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坡耕地是在山区落后的生产条件下,人口与资源矛盾冲突中出现的产物,是重要的农业生产资源。但是,不合理的开发利用甚至超强度的掠夺式开垦,已使坡耕地成为长江上中游地区水土流失的主要来源。以四川、贵州、云南3个坡耕地面积较大的重点省为研究对象,调查了解了各地坡耕地的现状和坡耕地治理的措施配置、治理措施建设成本及效益,研究分析了各地人均基本农田和农业产业用地最低需求数量、适宜坡改梯的建设规模,阐明了坡耕地治理与开发应采取的原则和选择的模式,并就治理与开发过程中如何突出水系治理、建立坡改梯体系,提高土壤肥力、加快农业产业化进程,推进技术改造、提高治理效益,建立健全投资机制与建管机制等技术途径和措施进行了初步研究,以期加快长江上中游地区防治水土流失的步伐。
Slope cultivated land is a product of conflicts and conflicts between population and resources under the backward production conditions in mountainous areas and is an important agricultural production resource. However, unreasonable exploitation and utilization of even super-intense predatory reclamation have made sloping arable land the main source of soil and water loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Taking Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces as the research objects, this paper studied the status quo of slope farmland and the allocation of measures for the control of sloping farmland and the construction cost and benefit of the management measures. The study analyzed the basic farmland per capita And the minimum amount of land needed for agricultural industry, suitable for the construction of slope to change the size of the ladder, clarify the slope of cultivated land management and development should take the principles and choices of mode, and how to highlight the management and development of water system management, the establishment of slope to ladder system, Improve soil fertility, speed up the process of agricultural industrialization, promote technological innovation, improve governance efficiency, establish and improve the investment mechanism and construction management mechanism and other technical approaches and measures to carry out a preliminary study, in order to accelerate the pace of soil and water erosion control in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.