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目的:调查黑龙江省成人甲状腺结构异常情况及流行病学特征。方法:2017年12月至2018年11月，采用人口比例概率抽样法（PPS）在黑龙江省管辖的13个地级市内选择30个调查点，每个调查点中抽取120名当地居住1年以上的20~ 70岁居民进行甲状腺超声检查。分析不同性别、年龄、地区人群的甲状腺结构异常发生情况。结果:共调查当地居民3 870例，其中男性1 248例、女性2 622例，年龄为（48.3 ± 12.6）岁；城市居民2 075例、农村居民1 795例。共检出甲状腺结构异常者2 144例，总检出率为55.40%（2 144/3 870）；其中，甲状腺局灶结节性病变1 476例、弥漫性病变359例、弥漫伴局灶结节性病变309例，检出率分别为38.14%、9.28%、7.98%。女性甲状腺结构异常检出率为61.25%（1 606/2 622），男性为43.11%（538/1 248），女性明显高于男性，二者比较差异有统计学意义（χn 2=111.899，n P < 0.01）。不同年龄组间比较，甲状腺结构异常总检出率差异有统计学意义（χ n 2=185.959，n P < 0.01）；且随着年龄增加，甲状腺结构异常总检出率呈上升趋势（χ n 2趋势=173.576，n P < 0.01）。不同地级市间比较，甲状腺结构异常总检出率差异有统计学意义（χ n 2=108.487，n P 0.05）。n 结论:黑龙江省成人甲状腺结构异常以局灶结节性病变为主，女性检出率高于男性，年龄越大检出率越高。不同地级市的居民甲状腺结构异常检出率有差异，但城市与农村之间未见明显差异。“,”Objective:To investigate the adult thyroid structural abnormalities and epidemiological characteristics in different regions of Heilongjiang Province.Methods:From December 2017 to November 2018, 30 survey sites were selected in 13 prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province by the population probability sampling (PPS) method, and 120 local residents aged 20 to 70 who lived for more than 1 year in the local area were selected from each survey site for thyroid ultrasound examination. The occurrence of thyroid structural abnormalities in different genders, ages and regions were analyzed.Results:A total of 3 870 residents were investigated, including 1 248 males and 2 622 females, aged (48.3 ± 12.6) years; 2 075 urban residents and 1 795 rural residents. A total of 2 144 cases of thyroid structural abnormalities were detected, with a total detection rate of 55.40% (2 144/3 870); among them, 1 476 cases of thyroid focal nodular lesions, 359 cases of diffuse lesions, and 309 cases of diffuse lesions with focal nodules, the detection rates were 38.14%, 9.28%, and 7.98%, respectively. The detection rate of thyroid structural abnormalities was 61.25% (1 606/2 622) in women and 43.11% (538/1 248) in men, the difference was statistically significant (χn 2=111.899, n P < 0.01). There was significant difference in the total detection rate of thyroid structural abnormalities among different age groups (χ n 2=185.959, n P < 0.01); and with the increase of age, the total detection rate of thyroid structural abnormalities showed an upward trend (χ n 2trend=173.576, n P < 0.01). There was significant difference in the total detection rate of thyroid structural abnormalities in adults among different prefecture-level cities (χ n 2=108.487, n P 0.05).n Conclusions:The main thyroid structural abnormalities in Heilongjiang Province are focal nodular lesions. The detection rate of women is higher than that of men, and the older the age, the higher the detection rate. There are differences in the detection rate of thyroid structural abnormalities in adults of different prefecture-level cities, but there is no significant difference between urban and rural.