明代科道官不仅广泛参与议政,而且一些重大廷议活动往往由他们发动,有时甚至控制了廷议。科道官参与廷议体现了地主阶级内部最大限度的民主,在一定程度上限制了君权的非正常行使,减少了许多重大问题的失误,有利于朝廷决策的正确性、可行性,以保障国家机器和社会机体的正常运转。然因皇权高度膨胀,科道官议政势必受到皇权的制约,其作用是有限的;尤其是明中叶以后,科道官多卷入党争,其议政都从党派利益出发,已无积极作用可言。 In the Ming dynasty, not only was the Kaohsiung government widely involved in the deliberations of the government, but some of the major imperial court campaigns were often initiated by them and sometimes even controlled the imperatives. The participation of the court officials in the court system embodies the maximum democracy within the landlord class and to some extent limits the non-normal exercise of the monarchial power, reduces the errors of many major issues, and is conducive to the correctness and feasibility of court decisions in order to safeguard the country The normal operation of machines and social units. However, due to the great expansion of the imperial power, the official state of Ketiao government must be restricted by the imperial power, and its role is limited. Especially after the middle Ming Dynasty, Ketiansuan became more involved in the party struggle. All its political deliberation proceeded from the interest of the party and no longer had a positive effect. .