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本文对我国主要茶区茶园土壤的含钾状况、茶树品种和土壤水分对茶树吸收钾的影响和茶园施用钾肥的增产效果进行了系统研究。结果表明,我国有近60％的茶园土壤处于缺钾状态,这已成为限制茶叶高产优质的主要障碍因子之一。不同品种茶树对钾的吸收具有明显差异,它们对钾的最大离子吸收速率V_(max)为龙井43>碧云>苹云>碧峰>菊花春,米氏亲和常数K_m为碧峰>碧云>龙井43>苹云>菊花春。干旱处理的茶树体内累积的钾和叶片的含钾量明显高于水分适宜的处理,表明干旱能促进茶树对钾的吸收和从根部向地上部的运转。钾肥的增产效果受土壤有效钾水平及土壤有效氮和钾的比例的影响,当土壤有效钾含量超过80ppm时,只提高钾肥用量而不相应增加氮肥,则会降低钾肥的增产效果。
This paper systematically studied the potassium status of the tea plantation soils in China’s major tea areas, the effects of tea varieties and soil moisture on the absorption of potassium in tea plants, and the effects of potassium fertilizer on tea plantation. The results showed that nearly 60% of the tea plantation soils in China were in a state of potassium deficit, which has become one of the major obstacle factors restricting the yield and quality of tea. There were significant differences in potassium uptake among different varieties of tea trees. The maximal V (max) of their potassium uptake rate were Longjing 43> Pikun> Pinyun> Bifeng> Chrysanthemum, the Km of Km was Bifeng> Cloud> Longjing 43> Ping Yun> Chrysanthemum Spring. The potassium content of potassium and leaves accumulated in the arid-treated tea plants was significantly higher than that of the water-suitable treatments, indicating that drought can promote the absorption of potassium and the movement from the roots to the shoots. Potassium production is affected by soil available K and soil available N and K ratios. When the soil available K content exceeds 80 ppm, only increasing the amount of potash fertilizer without corresponding increase of nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the yield increase of potash fertilizer.