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目的调查汶川大地震中有一级亲属震亡群众的心理健康状况,并进行创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)筛查,为心理救助及康复提供依据。方法以经历汶川大地震且有一级亲属震亡者为研究组,对照组为经历汶川大地震而无一级亲属震亡者。以自行编制的调查问卷和PTSD-17项筛查问卷(PCL-C)进行评估。结果研究组对象内心痛苦(F=16.126,P=0.000)、不食不语(F=8.573,P=0.003)、抑郁悲伤(F=12.111,P=0.001)均显著高于对照组,两组之间对比有显著统计学差异;而对照组紧张恐惧则高于研究组且有显著统计学差异(F=6.832,P=0.009)。PCL-C量表中再体验症状群(t=-2.500,P=0.013)、回避/麻木症状群(t=-3.391,P=0.001)、警觉增高症状群(t=-3.244,P=0.001)、总分(t=-3.562,P=0.000)得分研究组高于对照组,结果有显著统计学差异。结论地震中有一级亲属震亡者的心身健康损害程度和PTSD发生的风险明显高于无一级亲属震亡者,灾后心理救援应重点关注地震中的丧亲个体,及时进行心理干预极其重要。
Objective To investigate the mental health status of the first-degree relatives who died in the Wenchuan earthquake and to screen for PTSD to provide the basis for psychological relief and rehabilitation. Methods The study group was subjected to the Wenchuan earthquake and the first-degree relatives were killed and the control group were those who had not experienced the first-degree relatives who were experiencing the Wenchuan earthquake. Self-prepared questionnaire and PTSD-17 screening questionnaire (PCL-C) for evaluation. Results The study group was significantly higher in heart pain (F = 16.126, P = 0.000), depression (F = 8.573, P = 0.003) and depression sadness (F = 12.111, P = 0.001) (F = 6.832, P = 0.009), while there was significant difference between the control group and the study group (F = 6.832, P = 0.009). (T = -2.500, P = 0.013), avoidance / numbness syndrome group (t = -3.391, P = 0.001), alertness symptom group (t = -3.244, P = 0.001) in the PCL-C scale, ), The total score (t = -3.562, P = 0.000) score higher than the control group, the results were statistically significant. Conclusions The degree of mental and physical health damage and the risk of PTSD in the earthquake-related first-degree relatives were significantly higher than that of the first-degree relatives. The post-disaster psychological rescue should focus on bereaved individuals in the earthquake, and timely psychological intervention is extremely important.