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自从上个世纪60年代末C4光合途径发现以来,人们对工程改造现有C3粮食作物使之具有C4光合能力进行了大量努力。目前,大量分子、生理和基因组水平研究的进展和证据表明,该目标将可能在10～15年之内实现。本综述结合目前国际C4研究的现状,详述了该领域目前所涉各项研究内容的理论依据。我们首先总结过去的经典杂交实验,然后论证新一代测序技术与C4光合研究模式系统狐尾草(Setaria viridis)的发展极大的促进了我们对C4光合特征遗传发育相关基因的发现与鉴定。最后,我们强调虽然C4光合工程改造的研究目前已在世界各国大规模展开,但其最终成功仍有赖于不同国家研究基金及私立慈善基金的大力和长期共同资助。
Since the discovery of the C4 photosynthetic pathway in the late 1960s, much has been done to engineer the existing C3 grain crops for C4 photosynthetic capacity. At present, the progress and evidence of research on a large number of molecular, physiological and genomic levels indicate that this goal will probably be achieved in 10 to 15 years. This review summarizes the present situation of the current international C4 research and details the theoretical basis of the current research in this field. We first summarize the classical hybridization experiments in the past, and then demonstrate that the development of the new generation sequencing technology and the set of photosynthetic research system of C4 photosynthesis, Setaria viridis, has greatly promoted the discovery and identification of genes related to the genetic development of C4 photosynthesis. Finally, we emphasize that although the research on C4 photosynthesis engineering has been carried out on a large scale in various countries in the world at present, its ultimate success still depends on the vigorous and long-term co-funding of research funds and private charitable funds of different countries.