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一、创新基础创新及其随后的发展和扩散通常要受一些先决条件的影响和制约,我们把这些先决条件称为创新基础。创新基础是经济的构成元素并使创新成为可能和产生效益性,这样创新基础就成为国家创新政策的焦点。对创新的进一步经济分析表明:创新基础可以通过市场的作用独立发展,也可以通过国家干涉使其完善。这就涉及到政府在创新基础长期发展战略中的作用问题,下面我们先把构成创新基础的主要元素分类,然后再分析每个元素在政府政策中的作用。
I. INNOVATION The basic innovation and its subsequent development and proliferation are usually influenced and constrained by a number of preconditions. We call these prerequisites the basis of innovation. The foundations of innovation are the components of the economy and make innovation possible and profitable, so that the foundations of innovation have become the focus of national innovation policy. Further economic analysis of innovation shows that: the basis for innovation can be developed independently through the role of the market and can also be perfected through state intervention. This involves the role of the government in the long-term strategy of innovation. In the following, we first classify the major elements that form the basis of innovation and then analyze the role of each element in government policies.