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目的分析南通市中小学生健康素养现状及分布特征,为中小学校健康促进提供基础数据和政策建议。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样和样本推断整体的方法抽取样本。共调查南通市3 795名中小学生,对其进行健康素养问卷调查,数据采用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果一年级小学生、三年级小学生、五年级小学生、初中生和高中生的健康素养总体水平分别为45.3%,22.6%,40.7%,32.6%和89.5%。高中生的健康素养水平最高,三年级小学生的基本知识和理念素养水平最低(12.4%),初中生的健康生活方式和行为素养水平最低(35.1%)。男生的健康素养总体水平低于女生,城区小学生的健康素养总体水平高于南北部县区(P值均<0.05)。小学一年级、小学三年级、小学五年级、初一、高一学生的基本知识和理念素养与健康生活方式和行为素养之间均呈正相关(r值分别为0.766,0.627,0.590,0.556,0.669,P值均<0.01)。结论在中小学生中普及健康素养知识和技能意义重大。发挥教育系统的良好作用,是提高学生乃至全人群健康素养的重要途径。
Objective To analyze the status quo and distribution characteristics of health literacy of primary and secondary school students in Nantong and to provide basic data and policy recommendations for primary and secondary school health promotion. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling and sample inference method were used to extract samples. A total of 3 795 primary and middle school students in Nantong City were surveyed and their health literacy questionnaires were investigated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results The overall level of health literacy of first grade primary school students, third grade primary school students, fifth grade primary school students, junior high school students and high school students were 45.3%, 22.6%, 40.7%, 32.6% and 89.5% respectively. High school students have the highest level of health literacy, the third grade has the lowest level of basic knowledge and ideological literacy (12.4%), and the lowest level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy (35.1%). The overall level of health literacy of boys is lower than that of girls. The overall level of health literacy of pupils in urban areas is higher than that of counties in north and south (P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between the basic knowledge and philosophy attainment of first grade, primary third grade, fifth grade, first grade and first grade of elementary school, healthy life style and behavior literacy (r values were 0.766,0.627,0.590,0.556,0.669 , P <0.01). Conclusion The popularization of health literacy knowledge and skills among primary and secondary school students is of great significance. Play a good role of the education system, is to improve students and even the health of the entire population an important way.