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创新是国家技术进步的基本动力。为推动创新驱动的经济增长,发展中国家通常通过大力发展教育增加高技能劳动的供给来实现对发达国家的追赶。基于国家间的比较分析,本文试图解释高技能劳动在一国创新中的作用,特别是考虑制度因素的影响。简化的一般均衡模型显示一国技术获得方式依赖于高技能要素禀赋及制度因素,15个国家面板数据描述统计和实证检验结果显示高技能劳动投入与创新能力之间并不存在显著的正相关关系,而不可观察的制度即国家个体效应的异质性解释了发达国家和发展中国家创新能力的差异。
Innovation is the basic motive force of the country’s technological progress. In order to promote innovation-driven economic growth, developing countries often achieve catching up with developed countries by vigorously developing education and increasing the supply of highly-skilled labor. Based on a comparative analysis among countries, this article attempts to explain the role of highly skilled labor in the innovation of a country, especially considering the impact of institutional factors. The simplified general equilibrium model shows that the way a country obtains its technology relies on high-end factor endowments and institutional factors. Statistical analysis and empirical test results of panel data in 15 countries show that there is no significant positive correlation between high-skilled labor input and innovation capability , While the unobservable system, the heterogeneity of the individual effects of the country, explains the difference in innovation capacity between developed and developing countries.