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目的了解福建省长乐市农村地区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率与发病危险因素,为农村地区哮喘儿童防治工作提供资料。方法 2010年9月至2011年9月,通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,对福建省长乐市农村地区随机抽取的玉田、古槐两个乡镇0~14岁并在当地居住半年以上的儿童6000例,采用全国统一的“0~14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷”进行调查。对初筛出的哮喘患儿现场详细询问病史、查阅病历资料、进行体格检查。对确诊的哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘及可疑哮喘的患儿填写哮喘调查表。结果共发放“0~14岁儿童哮喘初筛问卷”6000份,收回5860份,应答率为97.67%。儿童哮喘总检出率为2.3%(包括哮喘、咳嗽变性哮喘、可疑哮喘),其中哮喘患病率为2.03%、可疑哮喘患病率为0.22%、咳嗽变性哮喘为0.05%。哮喘儿童男性81例(2.51%)、女性38例(1.44%)。男女发病比率为1.76∶1。结论长乐市农村0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.03%;0~1岁患病率最低(0.38%),3~4岁患病率最高(5.32%),发病诱因以上呼吸道感染多见;个人过敏史、家族史、性别等是儿童哮喘的重要危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 in rural areas of Changle City, Fujian Province, and to provide information for the prevention and treatment of asthma in rural areas. Methods From September 2010 to September 2011, two villages of Yutian and Guhuai, randomly selected from rural areas of Changle City, Fujian Province, aged 0-14 years and living in the area for more than half a year 6000 children, using a unified national “0-14 year-old children asthma screening test” to investigate. On the first screening out of children with asthma on-site detailed history, access to medical records, physical examination. Asthma, cough variant asthma and suspicious asthma in children fill in the asthma questionnaire. Results A total of 6 000 copies of “Primary Asthma Screening Questionnaire for Children Aged 0-14” were issued and 5,860 were withdrawn with a response rate of 97.67%. The overall prevalence of childhood asthma was 2.3% (including asthma, cough variant asthma, suspicious asthma), with a prevalence of asthma of 2.03%, a suspicious asthma prevalence of 0.22%, and a cough variant asthma of 0.05%. There were 81 males (2.51%) and 38 females (1.44%) with asthma. Male and female incidence ratio of 1.76: 1. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma in rural children aged 0-14 years in Changle City was 2.03%. The lowest prevalence rate was 0 ~ 1 year (0.38%), the highest prevalence rate was 3 ~ 4 years (5.32%), and the predisposing respiratory tract infection was more common ; Personal allergy history, family history, gender and other important risk factors for asthma in children.