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爱伦·坡的短篇小说《威廉·威尔逊》通过对两个威尔逊从斗争到双亡过程的描绘,成功刻画了主人公人格的分裂与冲突。两个威尔逊对应于精神分析理论中的本我与超我,但自我哪里去了?本文分析了作者成长与生活的环境,指出作品表达的心理特征源自作者的亲子依恋缺陷、人际沟通障碍与现实中的挫败经验。作者的生活经历导致作品中出现“自我”缺失,但自我并没有消失,而是回流到本我中,并以升华的心理防御形式出现。
Ellen Poe’s short story “William Wilson” succeeded in portraying the divisions and conflicts of the protagonist’s personality by depicting the two Wilson’s struggles and their deaths. The two Wilson correspond to the self and the ego in the psychoanalytic theory, but where is the ego? This paper analyzes the author’s growing and living environment, and points out that the psychological characteristics expressed in the work are derived from the author’s parent-child attachment defects, interpersonal communication barriers and Realistic frustration experience. The author’s life experiences lead to the absence of “self ” in his works, but the ego has not disappeared. Instead, he returns to himself and emerges as a sublimated psychological defense.