普特南一生曾提出过多种实在论。我们认为,他最近的观点实际上仍是一种在实在论和反实在论之间的联合,即他先前所谓的“内在实在论”。要准确把握普特南内在实在论,就必须澄清他是如何克服形而上学实在论:即破除关于真理和理性的客观性和主观性的二分和破除事实和价值的二分。我们主要讨论“常识实在论”和“实用主义实在论”与“内在实在论”的关系。 Putnam had put forward many kinds of realism in his life. In our opinion, his recent position is in fact still a union between realism and anti-realism, what he had previously called “internal realism.” To accurately grasp Putnam’s internal realism, we must clarify how he has overcome the metaphysical realism: that is, to eliminate the dichotomy between the objectivity and subjectivity of truth and reason and to eliminate the dichotomy of facts and values. We mainly discuss the relationship between “common sense realism ” and “pragmatic realism ” and “internal realism ”.