[目的]比较、分析湖南省3例人感染高致病性禽流感(H5N1)确诊病例就诊、诊断与报告以及实验室标本采集、检测情况。[方法]采用描述流行病学方法。[结果]3病例发病后4~7次到不同级别的医疗单位就诊,8~13 d才被诊断为“不明原因肺炎病例”并网络报告;11~32 d确诊;病后14~37 d正式公布。患者发病前均有病死禽接触史或污染环境的暴露史,但只有一起有明确的动物禽流感疫情。标本检测阳性率直接受标本采集的时间和种类的影响。[结论]基层专业人员对人禽流感的敏感性和标本采集意识较差,群众对人禽流感预防知识不足,提示应加强对专业人员的培训,普及防治知识。 [Objective] To compare and analyze the diagnosis, diagnosis and report of 3 confirmed cases of human pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Hunan Province and the collection and detection of laboratory specimens. [Method] The descriptive epidemiological method was used. [Results] 3 to 4 to 7 times after the onset of the disease to different levels of medical units, 8 to 13 d was diagnosed as “unexplained pneumonia cases” and network reports; 11 ~ 32 d confirmed; 14 to 37 d officially announced. Before the onset of the disease, all patients had history of exposure to dead poultry or history of exposure to the polluted environment, but only confirmed an outbreak of bird flu. The positive rate of specimen detection is directly affected by the time and type of specimen collection. [Conclusion] The sensitivity of grass-roots professionals to bird flu and the poor awareness of specimen collection, and the lack of knowledge about prevention of bird flu among grassroots professionals suggest that professional staff training should be strengthened to popularize prevention and treatment knowledge.