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根据中国1998~2014年的数据,利用EGR方法测算了中国居民收入的两极分化指数,并对居民收入两极分化的特征、原因及其对经济和社会的影响进行了分析,同时还对中国的极化指数和基尼系数进行了国际比较。分析得出:中国居民收入两极分化的增长速度小于收入不平等增长速度;中等阶层规模的缩小以及低收入阶层向高收入阶层流动性的减少促进了居民收入两极分化;收入分配两极分化的加剧对经济的发展并没有明显的负面影响,而两极分化对劳动参与率和财产犯罪率均有显著影响;另外两极分化的增加以及收入不平等处于较高的国际水平,更应引起政府高度关注。
According to the data from 1998 to 2014 in China, the paper uses EGR method to calculate the polarization index of Chinese residents’ income and analyzes the characteristics, causes and economic and social impacts of the polarization of household income. At the same time, The international index is compared with the Gini coefficient. The analysis shows that the polarization rate of income growth in China is less than the growth rate of income inequality. The shrinking of the middle class and the reduction of the liquidity of the low-income group to the high-income group promote the polarization of income. Economic development has no obvious negative impact, and polarization has a significant impact on the labor force participation rate and property crime rate. In addition, the increase in polarization and the inequality in incomes at a relatively high international level should arouse the attention of the government.