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21世纪英格兰与苏格兰基础教育新课改差异鲜明。在课改决策导向上,英格兰政府强调提高学业标准,激发优等生潜力,提高竞争力;苏格兰政府关注教育公平问题,强调关怀弱势学生,减小差距。在课改模式上,英格兰频繁启动变革、从局部关注走向整体筹划,强调中央控制;苏格兰课改整体设计、前后一贯、分段推进,赋予地方和学校以变通权。在课程取向上,英格兰课改强调核心学术知识的学习;苏格兰课改关注学生学习、生活与工作技能的培养。在学业评价改革上,英格兰政府强调学校外部评估,最大化考试比例,提高考试难度,重建信誉;苏格兰政府重视学校内部评价,减少考试次数和科目内容,丰富评价指标,以评价促进学生发展。
The new curriculum reform in basic education in England and Scotland in 21st century is very different. In the curriculum-oriented decision-making, the government of England emphasizes raising academic standards, stimulating the potential of top students and enhancing competitiveness. The Scottish government pays attention to the issue of education equity, emphasizing caring for disadvantaged students and reducing the gap. In the curriculum reform mode, England frequently started the change from partial attention to the overall planning, emphasizing the central control; the overall design of the Scottish curriculum reform, consistently and step by step, giving local and schools the flexibility to change. In curriculum orientation, the English curriculum reform emphasizes the study of core academic knowledge; the Scottish curriculum reform focuses on the cultivation of student learning, living and working skills. In the academic evaluation reform, the government of England emphasizes the external assessment of schools, maximizes the proportion of exams, improves the examination difficulty and rebuilds the credit. The Scottish government attaches importance to the internal evaluation of schools, reduces the number of examinations and subject contents, and enriches the evaluation indexes so as to promote the students’ development.