目的:探讨补肾活血中药对缺氧肾虚豚鼠听功能、耳蜗形态学、酶影响的实验研究。方法:50只豚鼠随机分为正常组(A组)、缺氧组(B组)、肾虚组(C组)、肾虚缺氧组(D组)、天鼓冲剂干预组(E组)。后3组用醋酸泼尼松龙50 mg/(kg.d)肌注17天造肾虚模型;A、B组用等剂量生理盐水注射;E组在肾虚造模后按15mL/(kg.d)[相当于生药30 g/(kg.d)]剂量分2次灌服天鼓冲剂10 d,余4组灌服等剂量生理盐水;同时B、D、E组连续10天在常压下吸氧氮混合气(O2浓度8%、N2浓度92%)3 h进行缺氧造模,A、B组常压下吸氧氮混合气(21%O2、79%N2)3 h对照。采用听性脑干诱发电位(ABR)评价各组听阈及潜伏期;扫描电镜下观察毛细胞形态结构,光镜下观察耳蜗螺旋韧带铺片血管纹血流情况;基底膜琥珀酸脱氢酶染色及乳酸脱氢酶染色了解有氧反应和无氧反应。结果:ABR阈值、波潜伏期在肾虚缺氧组显著升高(P<0.05)。E组毛细胞、血管纹损伤小于D组;SDH染色D组豚鼠耳蜗基底膜铺片显色淡于E组;LDH组化反应D组豚鼠耳蜗基底膜铺片显色深于E组。结论:①缺氧肾虚组豚鼠听力损害较单纯缺氧、肾虚豚鼠大;②补肾活血方可减弱缺氧对肾虚豚鼠的听力损害。 Objective: To investigate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Recipe on hearing function, cochlear morphology and enzyme in hypoxic kidney guinea pigs. Methods: Fifty guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal group (A group), hypoxia group (B group), kidney deficiency group (C group), kidney deficiency hypoxia group (D group) and Tiaogu granules intervention group (E group). After 3 days, prednisolone acetate 50 mg / (kg.d) intramuscular injection of 17 days made model of kidney deficiency; A, B group with equal dose of saline injection; E group in kidney model 15mL / (kg.d ) [Equivalent to the crude drug 30 g / (kg · d)], the dose was administered twice a day for 10 days and the remaining 4 groups were given the same dose of normal saline. Meanwhile, the rats in groups B, D and E were exposed to normal pressure Oxygen and nitrogen mixture (O2 concentration 8%, N2 concentration 92%) for 3 h under hypoxia modeling, A, B group under normal pressure oxygen and nitrogen mixture (21% O2, 79% N2) 3 h control. The auditory brainstem response potential (ABR) was used to evaluate the threshold and latency of each group. Morphology and structure of hair cells were observed under scanning electron microscope. The blood flow of blood vessels in the cochlear spiral ligament was observed under light microscope. The basal membrane succinate dehydrogenase staining, Lactate dehydrogenase staining to understand aerobic and anaerobic reactions. Results: ABR threshold and wave latency were significantly increased in hypoxia-deficient group (P <0.05). E group hair cells, vascular lesion was less than the D group; SDH staining group C guinea pig cochlea basilar membrane staining lighter than the E group; LDH histochemical reaction group D guinea pig cochlea basilar membrane color deeper than the E group. Conclusion: ① Hypoxic-Kidney deficiency group guinea pigs hearing impairment than simple hypoxia, kidney guinea pigs large; ② Bushenhuoxue square can weaken hypoxia on guinea pigs hearing impairment.