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本文主要运用皮尔斯符号学原理来探讨关于身份问题的叙述理论,同时也考察叙述对自我的建构过程。自我作为符号过程实体存在于意识的三个阶段,正好对应皮尔斯的三个现象范畴:肉体、社会与精神意识。笔者认为社会意识是一种双面的意识,由自我与非自我构成,该种意识通过“我和你”的关系得到体现。这种关系是自我叙述的基本模式,是了解、爱与叙述的基础。也即是说,爱别人的行为调节人对智慧的欲望,要了解自我则必须有爱。基于这个问题,笔者试图探讨蒙田的自传性作品《随笔录》,主要关注蒙田与埃蒂安·德拉博埃蒂间的友谊。这段友谊阐明了对话性的爱是一种构建自我的方式。也就是说,这种友谊创造了一种叙述话语,叙述自我通过这一话语能够获得个人身份,而这一个人身份则是群体自我的一部分。
This paper mainly uses Pierce semiotics theory to explore the narrative theory about identity problem, and also investigates the narrative self-construction process. Self as a symbolic process entity exists in three stages of consciousness, which corresponds exactly to Pierce’s three phenomenal categories: physical, social and spiritual consciousness. The author believes that social consciousness is a two-sided consciousness, composed of self and non-self, which is expressed through the relationship between “you and me.” This relationship is the basic model of self-narration, and the basis of understanding, love and narration. That is to say, to love someone else’s behavior regulates one’s desire for wisdom, and to understand oneself one must have love. Based on this issue, the author attempts to explore Montaigne’s autobiographical “Essay”, with a focus on the friendship between Montaigne and Etienne de la Boetti. This friendship illustrates that conversational love is a way of building oneself. In other words, this friendship creates a narrative discourse in which narrative self can acquire a personal identity that is part of the group’s self.