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DNA指纹检测技术应用于植物新品种鉴定已是必然的发展趋势,在水稻上与其相关的技术标准仍待完善。本文对DNA指纹检测中主要涉及的分子标记及特点进行归纳,并综述了DNA指纹在我国水稻品种鉴定中的应用现状及存在的问题。提出了构建国家和地方两级DNA指纹标准的必要性和策略,认为可将利用高密度SNP标记构建的品种SNP指纹制定为国家标准,而基于核心SSR标记构建的品种SSR指纹可制定为地方标准。讨论了两级DNA指纹标准在品种培育、审定管理、市场监管及品种权保护过程中的应用策略以及仍需研究的问题,以期为建立规范化的“水稻品种鉴定DNA指纹”检测方法提供帮助。
DNA fingerprinting detection technology applied to the identification of new varieties of plants is an inevitable trend in the development of rice technology standards related to its still to be improved. This paper summarizes the main molecular markers involved in DNA fingerprinting and summarizes the current situation and existing problems of DNA fingerprinting in the identification of rice varieties in China. The necessity and strategy of constructing DNA fingerprinting standards at national and local levels are proposed. SNP fingerprinting based on high-density SNP markers can be considered as a national standard. SSR fingerprinting based on core SSR markers can be defined as local standards . The application strategies of two-level DNA fingerprinting standards in breed breeding, auditing management, market regulation and variety rights protection are discussed, and the problems that still need to be studied are discussed in order to provide help for the establishment of a standardized “DNA fingerprinting identification test for rice varieties” .