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1. Do you sometimes talk with people you don’t know? 你有时跟陌生人交谈吗?
⑴本句是一个定语从句,省略了引导词who/that, you don’t know修饰先行词people。
⑵talk with sb.=talk to sb.,都表示“和某人交谈”,一般情况下两者可以互换。talk about sb./sth.表示“谈及某人或某事”。eg:
He was too shy to talk with/to anyone at the party.
他太腼腆了,在晚会上没有和任何人说话。
Mr Wang talked with/to Li Lei this morning. 王老师今天上午和李雷谈了话。
We talked about your sister this morning. 今天上午我们谈论你妹妹了。
2. This kind of conversation is called small talk. 这种谈话叫“闲聊”。
⑴“this kind of+单数名词”表示“这种……”,kind常用的固定搭配还有:
a/that kind of+单数名词 一种/那种……all kinds of… 各种各样的……several kinds of… 几种……many/different kinds of+单/复数名词 许多种/不同种类的…… eg:
I like all kinds of birds. 我喜欢各种各样的鸟。
There are many different kinds of mooncakes in the shop. 商店里有许多不同种类的月饼。
⑵句中的is called…是被动语态形式,被动语态是由“系动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。在这一结构中,系动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。eg:
The book was written by Luxun. 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
Some trees will be planted this spring. 今年春天将要栽一些树。
3. I hope so. 希望如此。
I hope so.常指希望前面提到的情况发生,意为“希望如此”。so在这里指刚提到过的事,代替了上文已出现过的整个分句或分句的一部分,以避免重复。常和so搭配的词有think, hope, be afraid等,在习惯上我们常说“I think so.”, “I don’t think so.”,而不说“I think not.”,但可以说“I hope so.”和“I hope not.”, “I’m afraid so.”和“I’m afraid not.”等。eg:
“It will be a fine day today.” “I hope so.” “今天将会是个好天气。” “希望如此。”
——Do you think he will come this afternoon? 你觉得他今天下午会来吗?
——I don’t think so./I think so. 我想他不会来。/我想他会来的。
4. Do you think it’ll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗?
by在这里表示时间,意为“不迟于,在……之前,到……时为止”。eg:
Please be here by four o’clock. 请在4点钟前到这儿。
相关链接:①by还可表示方法、手段,意为“靠,用,通过”。eg:
Jim got the news by phone. 吉姆是通过电话得到这个消息的。
②by表示位置,意为“在……旁边,靠近”。eg:
You can sit by me. 你可以坐在我旁边。
5. I feel like part of the group now. 现在,我觉得自己成了集体中的一员。
feel like在本句中意为“感觉像”,另外还可作“摸上去像;想要”解。作“想要”解时,后面接名词或动名词形式。eg:
They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我感觉像是家庭成员之一。
The paper feels like cloth. It feels soft. 这种纸摸上去像布,手感很柔。
I feel like a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
She didn’t feel like going to work. 她不想去上班。
相关链接:动词look, taste, sound, smell, feel等可作系动词,表示人体某一部位的感觉、事物的特征或状态。这些动词后面可接like短语,也可直接接形容词作表语。
6. I was having a hard time finding it until you came along. 在你过来之前我正在费劲地找这所学校。
have a hard time表示“过得艰难”; have a bad time表示“过得不好”; have a good/great/pleasant time表示“过的愉快”。eg:
I had a hard time when I worked with him. 和他一起工作时,我的日子不好过。
They had a bad time in those years. 那些年他们的日子过得不好。
The children are having a great/good/pleasant time in the park.
孩子们正在公园里玩得很愉快。
7. …we both like sports. ……我们都爱运动。
both意为“两者都”,指两个人或物,是复数概念,在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。both of后面可以接复数可数名词或代词;当后面接名词时,of通常可以省去,但若接人称代词时,of不能省去。eg:
Both of them are doctors. 他们俩都是医生。(主语)
I like both of them. 他们俩我都喜欢。(宾语)
They are both teachers. 他们俩都是老师。(同位语)
相关链接:both…and…可以连接两个并列成分,如主语、谓语、宾语等。例如:
Both you and your teacher are wrong. 你和你的老师都错了。
She can both sing and dance. 她能歌善舞。
He has lived in both Britain and America. 他在英国和美国都住过。
8. Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street. 过马路之前,你要注意看看两边。
be careful意为“当心,小心”,后面可接不定式或从句,相当于take care。eg:
Be careful not to make a mistake. 当心,别出差错。
Be careful that you don’t fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上摔下来。
相关链接:①be careful with表示“对……当心”。eg:
Be careful with that knife—it’s very sharp. 当心那把刀——它很锋利。
②be careful of表示“对……注意(保护)”,相当于take care of。eg:
Be careful of (Take care of) your health when you are out. 出门在外要当心身体。
⑴本句是一个定语从句,省略了引导词who/that, you don’t know修饰先行词people。
⑵talk with sb.=talk to sb.,都表示“和某人交谈”,一般情况下两者可以互换。talk about sb./sth.表示“谈及某人或某事”。eg:
He was too shy to talk with/to anyone at the party.
他太腼腆了,在晚会上没有和任何人说话。
Mr Wang talked with/to Li Lei this morning. 王老师今天上午和李雷谈了话。
We talked about your sister this morning. 今天上午我们谈论你妹妹了。
2. This kind of conversation is called small talk. 这种谈话叫“闲聊”。
⑴“this kind of+单数名词”表示“这种……”,kind常用的固定搭配还有:
a/that kind of+单数名词 一种/那种……all kinds of… 各种各样的……several kinds of… 几种……many/different kinds of+单/复数名词 许多种/不同种类的…… eg:
I like all kinds of birds. 我喜欢各种各样的鸟。
There are many different kinds of mooncakes in the shop. 商店里有许多不同种类的月饼。
⑵句中的is called…是被动语态形式,被动语态是由“系动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。在这一结构中,系动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。eg:
The book was written by Luxun. 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
Some trees will be planted this spring. 今年春天将要栽一些树。
3. I hope so. 希望如此。
I hope so.常指希望前面提到的情况发生,意为“希望如此”。so在这里指刚提到过的事,代替了上文已出现过的整个分句或分句的一部分,以避免重复。常和so搭配的词有think, hope, be afraid等,在习惯上我们常说“I think so.”, “I don’t think so.”,而不说“I think not.”,但可以说“I hope so.”和“I hope not.”, “I’m afraid so.”和“I’m afraid not.”等。eg:
“It will be a fine day today.” “I hope so.” “今天将会是个好天气。” “希望如此。”
——Do you think he will come this afternoon? 你觉得他今天下午会来吗?
——I don’t think so./I think so. 我想他不会来。/我想他会来的。
4. Do you think it’ll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗?
by在这里表示时间,意为“不迟于,在……之前,到……时为止”。eg:
Please be here by four o’clock. 请在4点钟前到这儿。
相关链接:①by还可表示方法、手段,意为“靠,用,通过”。eg:
Jim got the news by phone. 吉姆是通过电话得到这个消息的。
②by表示位置,意为“在……旁边,靠近”。eg:
You can sit by me. 你可以坐在我旁边。
5. I feel like part of the group now. 现在,我觉得自己成了集体中的一员。
feel like在本句中意为“感觉像”,另外还可作“摸上去像;想要”解。作“想要”解时,后面接名词或动名词形式。eg:
They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我感觉像是家庭成员之一。
The paper feels like cloth. It feels soft. 这种纸摸上去像布,手感很柔。
I feel like a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
She didn’t feel like going to work. 她不想去上班。
相关链接:动词look, taste, sound, smell, feel等可作系动词,表示人体某一部位的感觉、事物的特征或状态。这些动词后面可接like短语,也可直接接形容词作表语。
6. I was having a hard time finding it until you came along. 在你过来之前我正在费劲地找这所学校。
have a hard time表示“过得艰难”; have a bad time表示“过得不好”; have a good/great/pleasant time表示“过的愉快”。eg:
I had a hard time when I worked with him. 和他一起工作时,我的日子不好过。
They had a bad time in those years. 那些年他们的日子过得不好。
The children are having a great/good/pleasant time in the park.
孩子们正在公园里玩得很愉快。
7. …we both like sports. ……我们都爱运动。
both意为“两者都”,指两个人或物,是复数概念,在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。both of后面可以接复数可数名词或代词;当后面接名词时,of通常可以省去,但若接人称代词时,of不能省去。eg:
Both of them are doctors. 他们俩都是医生。(主语)
I like both of them. 他们俩我都喜欢。(宾语)
They are both teachers. 他们俩都是老师。(同位语)
相关链接:both…and…可以连接两个并列成分,如主语、谓语、宾语等。例如:
Both you and your teacher are wrong. 你和你的老师都错了。
She can both sing and dance. 她能歌善舞。
He has lived in both Britain and America. 他在英国和美国都住过。
8. Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street. 过马路之前,你要注意看看两边。
be careful意为“当心,小心”,后面可接不定式或从句,相当于take care。eg:
Be careful not to make a mistake. 当心,别出差错。
Be careful that you don’t fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上摔下来。
相关链接:①be careful with表示“对……当心”。eg:
Be careful with that knife—it’s very sharp. 当心那把刀——它很锋利。
②be careful of表示“对……注意(保护)”,相当于take care of。eg:
Be careful of (Take care of) your health when you are out. 出门在外要当心身体。