在反应堆物理设计中 ,为了展平堆芯功率、提高核燃料利用率和降低运行成本 ,必须对堆芯燃料管理作优化设计。该文着重介绍了模拟退火算法 ,针对优化堆芯物理设计提出了优化目标函数和罚函数 ,采用罚函数处理的方法进行模拟退火算法 ,对 NHR- 2 0 0反应堆作了实例计算 ,使首炉循环末的有效增殖因子 Keff提高了 2 .5 % ,展平了功率分布 ,得到了令人满意的结果 In reactor physical design, in order to flatten the core power, improve nuclear fuel utilization and reduce operating costs, core fuel management must be optimized. In this paper, the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced emphatically. An optimized objective function and penalty function are proposed to optimize the physical design of the core. A simulated annealing algorithm is adopted by the penalty function processing method. An example calculation of the NHR-200 reactor is made. At the end of the cycle, the effective growth factor Keff increased by 2.5%, flattened the power distribution, and obtained satisfactory results