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尽管和平心理学领域中的研究文献增长迅速,但美国的心理学家们对冲突如何解决,和平如何概念化,以及和平如何达成等问题并不太关注。本文回顾了和平心理学的悠久历史及其宽广的研究范围,并介绍了一个能够用于组织这些研究文献的理论模型。此模型建议,可以在四个不同的干预切入点上促进和平。作者讨论了积极和平与消极和平之间的关系,结构暴力与直接暴力之间的关系,以及维持和平、制造和平与重建和平之间的关系。本文的四位作者还对和平心理学家提出了一些挑战性问题,并得出结论认为,在未来的十几年间,对于处理人类最急迫的问题而言,和平心理学是一个关键性的研究领域。
Despite the rapid growth of research literature in the field of peace psychology, psychologists in the United States are not too concerned about how conflicts should be resolved, how peace is conceptualized, and how peace is achieved. This article reviews the long history of peace psychology and its broad scope of research and presents a theoretical model that can be used to organize these research literature. This model suggests that peace can be promoted at four different entry points for intervention. The author discusses the relationship between positive and negative peace, the relationship between structural violence and direct violence, and the relationship between peacekeeping, peacemaking and the reconstruction of peace. The authors of this article also present some challenging questions for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial study for dealing with the most pressing problems for human beings in the next decade or so field.