Prostate cancer(PCa)is the most common noncutaneous malignancy and second leading cause of cancerspecific mortality for men in the United States.There is a wide spectrum of aggressiveness ranging from biologically significant to indolent disease,which has led to an interest in the identification of risk factors for its development and progression.Emerging evidence has suggested an association between metabolic syndrome(MetS)and PCa.MetS represents a cluster of metabolic derangements that confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Its individual components include obesity,dyslipidemias,high blood pressure,and high fasting glucose levels.Met S has become pervasive and is currently associated with a high socioeconomic cost in both industrialized and developing countries throughout the world.The relationship between MetS and PCa is complex and yet to be fully defined.A better understanding of this relationship will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of PCa and improvement of outcomes among diagnosed men in the future.In this review,we evaluate the current evidence on the role of MetS in the development and progression of PCa.We also discuss the clinical implications on the manage-ment of PCa and consider the future direction of this subject. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy and second leading cause of cancerspecific mortality for men in the United States. There is a wide spectrum of aggressiveness ranging from biologically significant to indolent disease, which has led to an interest in the identification of risk factors for its development and progression. Evidence of has an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and PCa. MetS represents a cluster of metabolic derangements that confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individual individual components include obesity, dyslipidemias, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose levels. Met S has become pervasive and is currently associated with a high socioeconomic cost in both industrialized and developing countries throughout the world. The relationship between MetS and PCa is complex and yet to be fully defined .A better understanding of this relationship will facilitate the development of novel th erapeutic targets for the prevention of PCa and improvement ofhips among diagnosed men in the future. In this review, we evaluate the current evidence on the role of MetS in the development and progression of PCa.We also discuss the clinical implications on the manage- ment of PCa and consider the future direction of this subject.