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一、问题的提出 从人民公社到家庭联产承包责任制,中国农村发生了翻天覆地的变化。把土地承包给农民耕种,这是共产党最为自豪的仁政。国务院农村发展研究中心陈锡文先生把家庭承包经营看作是农村改革“伟大成就”之一。与人民公社时期的土地集体所有制比较起来,今天的农村土地制度虽仍称作集体所有制,但集体所有制的所有权与使用权被分割了,国家承认了农民以家庭承包形式获得土地使用权。由承包权产生的土地使用权是农民在农村改革之后获得的一项新的权利。
First, the issue put forward From the people’s commune to the household contract responsibility system, earth-shaking changes have taken place in rural China. It is the most benevolent benevolent government of the Communist Party to contract the land for peasants. Chen Xiwen, director of the Rural Development Research Center of the State Council, regards family contract management as one of the “great achievements” in rural reform. Compared with the collective ownership of land during the People’s Commune period, although the rural land system today is still referred to as collective ownership, the ownership and usufruct of collective ownership are segmented. The state recognizes the peasants’ right to land use as family contract. The right to land use resulting from the contractual right is a new right acquired by peasants after the rural reform.