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概念是怎样生成的?Frege认为,“(一个)概念就是(一位)谓项的指称”。同样重要的是他指出,“一个概念不能由一个主项表达式所指称出来。”针对这句话,Blackburn的解读是:“这样一来,我们就陷入如此悖论:一匹马的概念不是一个概念”。本文作者的修正性解读是:既然概念本身不是(一个)词,概念在词之外,“马”给不出马的概念。Blackburn所说的马的“悖论”并不存在。Tanesini指出,“谓项是表达式用来赋予事物性质与关系的逻辑范畴”。Blackburn指出,述谓是给主项词配给谓项。我们梳理出谓项的哲学涵义有:(1)谓项是让概念出场的关键词语(“马”之所以给不出马的概念,是因为谓项尚未出场);(2)用了谓项,才得以表述出事物的性质和它们之间的关系,这才出现思想;(3)述谓是人们用来对世界各种类型的存在(实体、虚体;现实世界、可能世界、必然世界)的判断。承接上述,没有谓项,概念生成不了,命题也生成不了,从而思想也生成不了。当然也就没有知识的、理论的、人的理性认知与道德的构建与积累。述谓是人类思想生成与积累的主要方式——这一点,恐怕Frege当初没有想到过。
How is the concept generated? Frege believes that the concept of “(a) is the reference to (a) predicate.” Equally important, he notes, “a concept can not be claimed by a primary expression.” “Against this line, Blackburn’s interpretation is:” So we’re caught in the paradox: a horse The concept is not a concept “. The author’s corrective interpretation is: Since the concept itself is not a (one) word, the concept of the word outside, ”horse“ gives no concept of horse. The ”paradox“ of Blackburn’s horse does not exist. Tanesini pointed out that ”predicate is the logical category used by expressions to give the nature and relationship of things “. Blackburn pointed out that the predicate is to assign predicates to the main term. The philosophical connotation of predicate items is: (1) The predicate is the key word that makes the concept appear (”Horse" can not give out the concept of horse because the predicate has not appeared yet); (2) Can we express the nature of the things and the relations between them, and then the thoughts emerge; (3) The narratives mean that people are used to the existence of various types of the world (physical, virtual, real world, possible world World) judgment. To undertake the above, there is no predicate, the concept can not generate, the proposition can not be generated, and thus can not generate ideas. Of course, there is no knowledge, theory, human rational cognition and moral construction and accumulation. The rhetoric is the primary way of generating and accumulating human thoughts - and I’m afraid Frege had not thought of it before.