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The absorption and emission spectra of the YVO4 single crystal co-doped with 1 at.% Nd3+ and 1 at.% Yb3+ are investigated. The efficient Nd3+→ Yb3+ energy transfer and the back transfer (Yb3+→ Nd3+) are observed at room temperature. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4F3/2 level of Nd3+ in Nd,Yb:YVO4 is measured under 808 nm laser light excitation. The efficiency of Nd3+→Yb3+ energy transfer in YVO4 is determined to be about 34%.