东北亚古代鱼形器在俄罗斯贝加尔湖沿岸地区有较多的发现,国内仅在嫩江流域肇源县小拉哈遗址和牡丹江流域的海林市细鳞河遗址和鹰嘴峰遗址见到。本文通过对已发表的东北亚古代鱼形器材料进行梳理,分析其发展演变过程,确定其使用功能为诱鱼器,探讨出土鱼形器考古遗存之间的关系和生业方式。西伯利亚现代民族学中使用鱼形器捕鱼的资料可以证明,从贝加尔湖沿岸新石器时代晚开始出现的鱼形器,是在冬季冰窟窿捕鱼时使用的一种诱鱼器,既是钩坠,又是诱饵。这种诱鱼工具的发明说明从新石器时代晚期以来就出现冬季捕鱼业,鱼类成为东北亚地区漫长冬季的重要食物来源之一。 The ancient fish archeology in northeast Asia has been found in many areas along the coast of Baikal, Russia. Only in the small Laha site of Zhaoyuan County in Nenjiang River basin and at the site of Xiaolinghe and Hailuifeng sites in Hailin City in Mudanjiang River basin are the only ones in China. In this paper, the published materials of ancient fish archeology in northeast Asia were sorted out to analyze their development and evolution, to determine their function as lurers, and to explore the relationship between the archeological relics unearthed from the fish archeology and the way of producing their own. The use of fish-shaped fishing gear in modern ethnology in Siberia can prove that the fish-shaped lantern, which emerged from the late Neolithic days along the shores of Lake Baikal, is a fishing lure used for winter ice fishing, , But also bait. The invention of this luring tool shows that the winter fishing industry has emerged since the late Neolithic and that fish has become one of the major food sources for the long winter in Northeast Asia.