间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植是治疗肝硬化和肝衰竭的重要方式。MSCs修复肝损伤的机制主要有三种:干细胞分化为肝细胞样细胞,旁分泌作用和免疫调节功能及膜微粒(microvesicles,MVs)介导的信号传递。目前的研究表明,MVs介导的RNAs传递在组织修复中发挥着至关重要的作用,MVs移植可能成为修复肝损伤的一种新方式。本文重点介绍了移植入肝脏的MSCs可能的作用机制和MVs的生物治疗潜力。 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is an important way to treat cirrhosis and liver failure. There are mainly three mechanisms for the repair of liver injury by MSCs: stem cells differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, paracrine and immunomodulatory functions, and microvesicles (MVs) -mediated signaling. The current study shows that MVs-mediated RNAs transmission plays a crucial role in tissue repair, MVs transplantation may be a new way to repair liver damage. This article highlights the possible mechanisms by which MSCs are transplanted into the liver and the biotherapeutic potential of MVs.