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以我国大面积推广的优良玉米杂交种豫玉22的一套重组近交系为材料,组配了含441个杂交组合的“永久F2”群体,构建了覆盖玉米10条染色体的遗传连锁图谱;利用复合区间作图法,在“永久F2”和RIL群体中分别定位了12个和10个不同的株高QTL,其中有6个在两个群体中同时检测到.利用中亲优势值检测到10个玉米株高的杂种优势位点(heterotic loci,HL),分布于玉米的7条染色体上,多数HL表现以超显性效应为主,单个HL可解释株高杂种优势表型变异的1.26%～8.41%.只有少数QTL和HL具有相同的染色体位点,说明玉米株高的表型性状和杂种优势可能由两种不同的遗传机理组成.
A set of “permanent F2” population with 441 hybrid combinations was assembled with a set of recombinant inbred lines of large-scale popularized Yu-22 in China to construct a genetic linkage map covering 10 maize chromosomes. Using composite interval mapping method, 12 and 10 different plant height QTLs were mapped in “permanent F2” and RIL populations respectively, of which 6 were detected in both populations simultaneously. The heterotic loci (HL) of 10 maize plants distributed on 7 chromosomes of maize. Most of the HLs were dominated by over-dominant effects. A single HL explained the phenotypic variation of heterosis in plant height of 1.26 % ~ 8.41%. Only a few QTLs and HLs had the same chromosomal loci, indicating that the phenotypic traits and heterosis of maize plant height may be composed of two different genetic mechanisms.