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依据水沙资料和断面资料,对黄河乌兰布和沙漠段辫状河道形态近50年演变特征及趋势进行探讨分析。结果表明:在大流量条件下(1966—1993年),河流横向侵蚀、搬运堆积过程强烈,风沙入黄(河)量大,河道横向摆动频繁,辫状河道发育强烈。当黄河流量减小时(1993—2013年),河流横向摆动能力减弱,黄河主河槽远离左岸乌兰布和沙漠沙丘,河流输沙能力减弱,汊道泥沙淤积导致心滩边滩相连,河流分汊数量明显减少,辫状河道萎缩,黄河乌兰布和沙漠段辫状河型有向弯曲型河道转变的趋势。
Based on the data of sediment and sediment, the characteristics and trends of the braided channel in the Ulan Buh Desert of the Yellow River over the past 50 years are discussed. The results show that under the condition of high flow (1966-1993), the river flows in the direction of horizontal erosion and transport, the process of sediment accumulation is strong, the amount of wind-blown sand turns into yellow (river), the horizontal oscillation of the river channel is frequent, and the braided river channel develops strongly. When the flow of the Yellow River decreased (1993-2013), the ability of the river to swing in the lateral direction weakened. The main channel of the Yellow River was far away from the Ulan Buh and the desert dunes on the left bank. The sediment transport capacity of the river was weakened. The number of 汊 decreased significantly, the braided channel atrophy, the trend of bent river of braided river type in the Ulan Buh Desert and the Yellow River.