在介绍植物病毒血清学技术以前,有必要先对植物病毒血清学一些专门名词作一概述。当动物被一种病原(如细菌、病毒)或者用外来蛋白质注射时,在血流里会产生与注射物质特异性结合的蛋白质。这种结合作用叫做血清反应。在体外可以用一些方法检测和证实血清反应,这就是血清学测定。对被注射物质或病原刺激应答所产生的蛋白质,称为抗体。任何能够刺激抗体产生,并与之结合的物质称为抗原。含有抗体的血清称为抗血清,而取自未用任何抗原注射的动物血清,称为正常血清。早在几千年前,人们就已经知道动物得了某种传染病,痊愈后有免疫力,很少再发这种疾病。随 Before introducing plant virus serology, it is necessary to outline some specific terms of plant virus serology first. When animals are injected with a pathogen (such as bacteria, viruses) or with foreign proteins, proteins that specifically bind to the injected substance are produced in the bloodstream. This combination is called serological reaction. In vitro methods can be used to detect and confirm the serum reaction, which is the serological test. The injection of substances or pathogens stimulate the response of the protein, called antibodies. Any substance that stimulates and binds to an antibody is called an antigen. Serum containing the antibody is called antiserum and taken from animal serum that is not injected with any antigen, called normal serum. As early as thousands of years ago, people already knew that animals got some kind of contagious disease, and after they were cured, they had immunity and rarely developed the disease again. With