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目的:了解经济发达地区学龄前儿童膳食与肥胖的相关性。方法:采用3天24 h回顾法和食物频率法相结合的方法对上海和江苏地区(昆山、无锡)3所幼儿园共443名儿童进行膳食及健康状况调查。结果:超重及肥胖儿童占36.23%,营养不良的儿童占3.29%;水果类、蛋类及豆类摄入量低于适宜摄入量;部分微量营养素未达到推荐摄入量标准(RNI或AI),其中锌、维生素A和维生素B1摄入量未达到平均需要量(EAR)的比例分别为35.44%、9.48%和5.42%。Logistic多因素回归分析发现食用加工肉制品≥1次/周的儿童超重及肥胖的风险是不食用加工肉制品儿童的1.9倍(AOR=1.9,P<0.05)。结论:学龄前儿童需要完善膳食结构,平衡膳食,同时要养成良好的饮食习惯,以促进健康。
Objective: To understand the correlation between diet and obesity in preschool children in economically developed areas. Methods: A total of 443 children from 3 kindergartens in Shanghai and Jiangsu (Kunshan and Wuxi) were investigated for dietary and health status using a 3-day, 24-h retrospective and food frequency method. Results: Overweight and obese children accounted for 36.23%, malnourished children accounted for 3.29%; fruits, eggs and beans intake was lower than the appropriate intake; some micronutrients did not meet the recommended intake standards (RNI or AI ), And the proportions of zinc, vitamin A and vitamin B1 not meeting the average requirement (EAR) were 35.44%, 9.48% and 5.42% respectively. Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that the risk of overweight and obesity in children who consumed processed meat products ≥1 time per week was 1.9-fold higher (AOR = 1.9, P <0.05) than that of children without processed meat products. Conclusion: Preschoolers need to improve their diet and balance their diets while developing good eating habits to promote their health.