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神话学应用到文学批评主要是以小说创作的阐释居多,涉及诗歌创作的神话学批评还是凤毛麟角。著名的文学批评家雅可布逊在20世纪初曾放眼于诗歌的内在结构分析,使现代诗学研究置于语言学和符号学的框架下,为分析诗歌作品创立了语言学诗学的批评方法;此外,他还兼顾诗人的创作神话的象征意义及其生平的阐释,为诗歌分析开辟了独特的神话学批评路径。本文主要探讨雅可布逊是如何在理性诗学的框架下阐释诗歌创作的神话与诗人生平之间的关系,同时基于雅可布逊的神话诗学观,对普希金、马雅可夫斯基和勃洛克这三位俄国诗人创作的神话进行补充性阐释。
Mythology applied to literary criticism is mainly based on the interpretation of the creation of novels, mythological criticism about poetry creation is still rare. The famous literary critic Jacques Cobson at the beginning of the 20th century put an emphasis on the analysis of the internal structure of poetry so that the study of modern poetics was placed under the framework of linguistics and semiotics and the criticism of linguistic poetics was analyzed for analyzing poetry works In addition, he also takes into account the symbolic meaning of the poet’s creation myth and the interpretation of his life, opening up a unique path of mythological criticism for the analysis of poetry. This paper mainly discusses how Jacobson explains the relationship between the myths of poetic writing and the poet’s life under the frame of rational poetics. At the same time, based on Jacobsen’s mythological poetics, this paper analyzes the relationship between Pushkin, Mayakovsky, And Blok, the three Russian poets to create a myth supplementary interpretation.