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采用培养试验方法研究了硅肥对酸性土壤中锰毒性的影响,旨在为酸性土壤锰毒害的防控提供科学依据。结果表明,甘蔗的根际效应明显,根际土壤中的pH值、有效硅含量较低而活性锰及水溶态锰、交换态锰、有机结合态锰、碳酸盐结合态锰、铁锰氧化态锰含量均显著高于土体。然而,施用硅肥(偏硅酸钠)后,土壤活性锰含量和水溶态、交换态、有机结合态锰含量均显著降低,但是硅肥对根际土壤锰含量和形态的效应弱于土体;并且,施用硅肥使甘蔗地上部锰含量(47.1~112.1 mg/kg)显著降低,并且有随着硅肥用量(0.5~2.1 g/kg)增加而降低的趋势;虽然硅肥的施用也减少甘蔗地上部铁的含量,但铁锰比值却从对照的2.51增加至2.92~5.72之间。因此,施用硅肥后甘蔗株高、总生物量分别提高4.07%~15.24%、8.41%~28.03%。可见,硅肥的施用减轻了酸性土壤中锰的毒害。
The effect of silicon fertilizer on manganese toxicity in acid soils was studied by culture experiment to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of manganese toxicity in acid soils. The results showed that the rhizosphere effect of sugarcane was obvious. The rhizosphere soil pH value and effective silicon content were relatively low. Active manganese and water-soluble manganese, exchangeable manganese, organic bound manganese, carbonate bound manganese and iron-manganese oxide Manganese content were significantly higher than the soil. However, the contents of active Mn, exchangeable and organic bound Mn in soil decreased significantly after application of silicon fertilizer (sodium metasilicate), but the effect of Si fertilizer on Mn content and morphology in rhizosphere soil was weaker than that of soil ; And the application of silicon fertilizer significantly reduced the manganese content in aboveground parts of sugarcane (47.1-112.1 mg / kg), and decreased with the increase of silicon fertilizer (0.5-2.1 g / kg); although the application of silicon fertilizer Reduce the iron content of sugarcane aboveground, but the iron-manganese ratio increased from 2.51 to 2.92 ~ 5.72. Therefore, the plant height and total biomass of sugarcane increased by 4.07% -15.24% and 8.41% -28.03%, respectively. Can be seen that the application of silicon fertilizer to reduce the acidic soil manganese poisoning.