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目的论证“引江济淮”工程能否造成钉螺扩散和血吸虫病蔓延。方法调查工程途经地区血吸虫病流行现状,包括常规方法调查钉螺分布情况,间接血凝试验(IHA)检测居民血清中血吸虫抗体,尼龙绢集卵孵化法检查耕牛血吸虫感染情况;现场螺笼放养,定期观察巢湖实验区钉螺的生存繁殖情况,为期1年,同时设立对照区。结果工程引水口附近江外滩钉螺密度最高达326只/框。工程途经的无为县、和县钉螺分布广,居民IHA血吸虫抗体阳性率分别为22.1%(168/760)和18.6%(37/199),耕牛血吸虫感染率分别为2.4%(9/371)和0.2%(2/997)。工程沿线巢湖市居巢区和芜湖市裕溪口地区居民血吸虫感染率分别为1.3%(46/3598)和10.5%(310/2960)。在巢湖2个实验区放养肋壳钉螺和光壳钉螺各100只,1年后回收活螺分别为6～189只和20～47只,放养期间查见幼螺;2个实验区和对照区肋壳钉螺的产卵季节存活率分别为11.3%(6/53)～16.7%(10/60)、3.0%(1/33)～20.8%(11/53)和4.7%(2/43)～14.7%(10/68),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.093,0.760,P>0.05;χ2=0.647,0,P>0.05);光壳钉螺分别为24.1%(14/58)～44.4%(32/72)、37.8%(17/45)～67.3%(37/55)和86.3%(44/51)～93.1%(54/58),差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.575,5.302,P<0.05;χ2=56.863,36.218,P<0.05)。产卵季节(放养1个月)的雌螺卵巢含卵量,2个实验区和对照区肋壳钉螺为5.90±1.64个、3.00±2.41个和4.44±2.65个(t=1.396,1.460,P>0.05);光壳钉螺同地卵巢含卵量为3.52±3.90个、2.92±3.36个和3.42±2.40个(t=0.656,0.201,P>0.05),差异均无统计学意义。结论钉螺可在巢湖环境中存活、繁殖;“引江济淮”工程可引起钉螺扩散,相关地区开始具备血吸虫病传播条件。
The purpose of the argument “Diversion of the Yangtze River” project can cause snail spread and schistosomiasis spread. Methods The prevalence of schistosomiasis in the project area was investigated, including routine investigation of the distribution of Oncomelania snails, indirect antibody test (IHA), serological test of Schistosoma japonicum in hatch of nylon silk, Regular observation of the experimental area of Chaohu survival and reproduction of snails, for 1 year, while the establishment of the control area. Results The density of snails on the Bund near the water intake of the project reached a maximum of 326 per box. The positive rates of schistosomiasis IHA were 22.1% (168/760) and 18.6% (37/199), respectively. The prevalence of schistosoma infection in cattle was 2.4% (9/371) And 0.2% (2/997). The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Juchao District, Chaohu City and Yu Xikou District, along the project were 1.3% (46/3598) and 10.5% (310/2960), respectively. In the two experimental areas of Chaohu Lake, 100 snails and 1 snail were collected, and the live snails were collected from 6 to 189 and 20 to 47 respectively after 1 year. The snails were found during the stocking period. Two experimental zones and the control zone rib The oviposition season survival rates of shell snails were 11.3% (6/53) ~ 16.7% (10/60), 3.0% (1/33) ~ 20.8% (11/53) and 4.7% (2/43) ~ (14/58) to 14.4% (14/8) respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.093,0.760, P> 0.05; χ2 = 0.647,0, P> 0.05) (32/72), 37.8% (17/45) ~ 67.3% (37/55) and 86.3% (44/51) ~ 93.1% (54/58), respectively, with statistical significance (χ2 = 9.575,5.302, P <0.05; χ2 = 56.863, 36.218, P <0.05). The female ovary ovulation in the spawning season (stocking for 1 month) was 5.90 ± 1.64, 3.00 ± 2.41 and 4.44 ± 2.65 (t = 1.396, 1.460, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in ovary ovulation between the snail and the ovary (3.52 ± 3.90, 2.92 ± 3.36 and 3.42 ± 2.40, respectively) (t = 0.656,0.201, P> 0.05) CONCLUSIONS Oncomelania can survive and breed in Chaohu Lake. In addition, the project of “leading the Yangtze River to Huaihe River” can cause snail to spread, and the related areas begin to have the transmission conditions of schistosomiasis.