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为了有效防控木薯地下害虫,笔者就木薯主要地下害虫蛴螬、蔗根锯天牛的发生规律与防控技术进行了研究。结果表明,蛴螬发生一代至少1年,成虫在6～8月雨后羽化出土,高温干旱下,坡地、沙质地及木薯连作地、甘蔗轮作地及花生间套作地受害较重;蔗根锯天牛2～3年发生一代,成虫在4～6月雨后羽化出土,高温干旱下,坡地、沙质地及木薯连作地、甘蔗轮作地受害较重;在种植前选用环保型杀虫剂48%乐斯本乳油1 000倍液和1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液混合液浸泡种茎5～10 min后种植效果最好,可显著提高出苗率、降低虫害率和提高产量;土坑对金龟子和蔗根锯天牛也具有良好的诱杀效果;“扫虫光”不仅对蔗根锯天牛、蛴螬等木薯主要地下害虫具有良好的防治效果,而且可以促进木薯生长,显著提高鲜薯产量;以种茎药剂处理、土壤药剂处理、土坑诱杀和合理轮作为核心的木薯地下害虫环境友好综合防控效果十分显著,综合防控区平均虫害率由对照的45.6%显著下降到4.2%,产量由对照的16 920 kg/hm2显著提高到49 960 kg/hm2。上述结果为可持续防控木薯害虫的发生与危害提供了理论与技术支撑。
In order to effectively prevent and control underground pests in cassava, the author studied the occurrence rules and prevention and control techniques of the main underground pests and caterpillars of the cassava. The results showed that when the generation of Minamata cinnabarinus took place for at least one year, the adults emerged unearthed after rain from June to August. Under the conditions of high temperature and drought, the slope, sandy and cassava continuous cropping, The generation of beetles occurs 2-3 years after birth. The adults emerge unearthed after rain from April to June. Under the conditions of high temperature and drought, the slopes, sandy land and cassava continuous cropping are more affected by sugar cane rotation. Before planting, the environment-friendly pesticides 48 % Luxemburrin 1 000 times and 1.8% avermectin EC 2000 times soaking the stem 5 to 10 min after planting the best, can significantly improve the emergence rate, reduce pest rate and increase yield; soil Pit had good trapping and killing effect on chafer and cane-root-sawdust; “Bu Guangguang” not only had good control effect on the main underground pests of cassava, sawn and crabgrass, but also promoted the growth of cassava Improve the yield of fresh potato; comprehensive prevention and control effect of underground caverns with cassia seed treatment, soil agent treatment, pit trapping and reasonable round as the core is very significant, the average pest rate in the comprehensive prevention and control area decreased significantly from 45.6% of the control To 4.2%, the output by the control 16 920 kg / hm2 significantly increased to 49 960 kg / hm2. The above results provide theoretical and technical support for the sustainable prevention and control of the occurrence and damage of cassava pests.