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选取西南地区为采样点,于2015年非重污染和重污染时期对环境PM 2.5进行采样,并对PM2.5、水溶性离子和碳质组分的污染特征进行分析.结果显示:重污染与非重污染天PM2.5质量浓度分别为(204.8±47.0)μg/m3和(66.8±23.1) μg/m3.重污染天气下SO42--、NO3-和NH4+浓度分别是非重污染天气下的3.5,4.2,3.4倍,SIA浓度占PM2.5的比例可高达42.2％.重污染期间OC和EC浓度分别是非重污染期间的4.8,2.7倍,SOC浓度在非重污染和重污染期间分别为(3.2±1.6),(25.6±15.2)μg/m3,OC、EC较低的相关性也反映出重污染期间碳质组分来源的复杂性.“,”In this paper,Southwest China was selected as a sampling point,PM2.5 was sampled during the non heavy pollution and heavy pollution period in 2015,and the pollution characteristics of PM2.5,water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components were analyzed.Results demonstrated that the PM2.5 mass concentrations were (204.8 + 47.0) μg/m3 and (66.8+ 23.1) μg/m3 during heavy pollution and non-heavy pollution respectively.The concentrations of SO42-、NO3-and NH4+during heavy pollution were 3.5,4.2,and 3.4 times higher than that during non-heavy pollution respectively.Theconcentrations of SIA in PM2.5 accounted for 42.2％.The concentrations of OC and EC during heavy pollution were 4.8 and2.7 times higher than that during non-heavy pollution respectively.The concentrations of SOC were (3.2 ± 1.6) μg/m3 and(25.6 ± 15.2) μg/m3 during heavy pollution and non-heavy pollution respectively.The lower correlation of OC and EC alsoreflected the complexity of the sources of carbonaceous materials during heavy pollution.