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大量研究指出,孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患者存在面部表情识别和理解的缺陷,这是患者社会功能受损的核心来源.对面孔表情具有情绪敏感性是理解与识别表情的先决条件,但ASD患者对面部表情的情绪敏感性迄今尚未得到系统分析.本文将ASD与面部表情知觉的相关研究按照实验任务类型进行了分类,发现该领域研究可划分为3种任务类型:外显表情观察任务、引导注视点观察任务和内隐表情观察任务.由此重点对比了ASD患者在3种任务类型下的行为,外周生理反应与脑激活模式.结果发现,ASD患者对面孔表情的情绪敏感性缺陷主要体现在外显表情观察与引导注视点观察任务中.相比上述两种要求被试有意注意面孔表情特征的任务,ASD患者在内隐表情观察任务中能对面部表情表现出与正常被试相似或更大的注意偏向及杏仁核激活.这提示ASD患者并非完全缺乏对面部表情的情绪敏感性;而很可能是在有意注意表情的条件下,该群体的面孔适应困难使之产生了对面孔情绪特征的回避,故无法有效激活以杏仁核为核心的情感神经环路.据此,本文提出了对ASD患者的表情敏感性缺陷的干预设想,即通过无意识地、内隐地训练ASD患者维持对面孔情绪特征的注意很可能会改善其表情敏感性和面孔适应能力,这种方式对于ASD的临床干预和社会能力的提高或将具有重要意义.
Numerous studies have pointed out that patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have the drawback of facial expression recognition and understanding, which is the core source of social dysfunction in patients.Impact sensitivity to facial expressions is a prerequisite for understanding and recognizing expressions, but ASD The emotion sensitivity of facial expression to patients has not yet been systematically analyzed.This paper classifies the related studies of ASD and facial expression perception according to the types of experimental tasks and finds that the research in this field can be divided into three types of tasks: explicit expression observation mission, Guide the task of fixation of watchful eyes and the task of implicit facial expression observation.Therefore, the behavior, peripheral physiological responses and brain activation patterns of ASD patients under three kinds of task were compared.Results showed that the emotion sensitive defects of facial expression in ASD patients were mainly Which is reflected in the task of explicit expression observation and guidance fixation.Compared with the two above-mentioned tasks that the participants intend to pay attention to the facial expression features, the ASD patients can show similar facial expressions to normal subjects in the task of implicit expression observation or A greater attention bias and amygdala activation.This suggests that ASD patients are not completely lack of emotional facial expressions Sensibility, and it is likely that under the condition of paying attention to facial expression, the face of this group has difficulty in adapting to the emotional characteristics of face and thus can not effectively activate the affective nerve loop with amygdala as the core. Proposed a presumption of intervention in ASD patients with impaired sensibility to facial expression that the attention paid to maintaining the emotion characteristics of the face through unconsciously and implicitly training ASD patients is likely to improve their facial expression sensitivity and face adaptability. The clinical intervention and improvement of social skills will be of great significance.