基于历史、文化、经济、社会等各方面因素,少数民族从普遍意义上来看在就业中处于劣势地位。为促进各民族共同繁荣和分享经济发展成果,我国法律和政策规定了不少措施以促进少数民族就业数量和质量的提升。少数民族就业权就是上述法律和政策综合归纳和升华,是少数民族在就业过程中依法享有的平等和享受服务、照顾的权利,该权利是少数民族权利和就业权的结合,性质上属于经济社会权这一基本人权范畴,同时,事关生存权和人格尊严权等基本人权的实现,也关涉第四代人权——和谐权的实现。少数民族就业权从其内容来看,包括少数民族平等就业权、少数民族工作获得权、少数民族就业训练权、少数民族就业优待权和少数民族就业服务权。国家通过特岗设定等措施保障少数民族实现就业的实质公平。 Based on various factors such as history, culture, economy and society, ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage in employment in a general sense. In order to promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups and share the fruits of economic development, our laws and policies have laid down a number of measures to promote the enhancement of the quantity and quality of employment of ethnic minorities. The employment rights of ethnic minorities are the general induction and sublimation of the above-mentioned laws and policies. They are the rights enjoyed by ethnic minorities in accordance with the law in the process of employment and the services and care they take. This right is a combination of the rights of ethnic minorities and employment and, in nature, belongs to the economic and social At the same time, the realization of such basic human rights as the right to subsistence and the dignity of the human person is also related to the realization of the fourth generation of human rights, the right to harmony. From the perspective of their content, the employment rights for ethnic minorities include the right to equal employment of ethnic minorities, the right to work for ethnic minorities, the right to employment and training of ethnic minorities, the preferential treatment for ethnic minorities and the employment service for ethnic minorities. The state guarantees the substantive fairness of employment for ethnic minorities through such measures as the establishment of special posts.