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在回转机械中,采用弹性阻尼轴承,不仅能调节系统的固有频率,避免发生共振,而且可通过轴承中的弹性阻尼元件吸收振动能量,从而起到减振的作用。如在航空发动机中,采用挤压油膜式弹性阻尼轴承,可使共振幅值降低90%,从而保证发动机的正常运转。对于一些中小型回转机械,采用结构简单的橡胶弹性阻尼轴承,也具有明显的减振效果,所谓橡胶弹性阻尼轴承,是在轴承和轴承座之间加一环形的橡胶元件,利用橡胶元件的弹性和内阻尼,来调整系统的固有频率和消耗振动能量,从而达到减振的目的。其结构如图3所示。这种结构在某些分离机械中业已采用。如上悬式离心机、管式离心机等。但对减振效果及固有频率的计算,尚缺乏进一步的实验研究。为了扩大橡胶弹性阻尼轴承的应用范围,特别是在分离机械中的应用,我们对其减振效果做了一些实验研究工作,并对弹性轴承的刚度计算做了理论分析。
In rotary machinery, the use of elastic damping bearings, not only can adjust the natural frequency of the system to avoid resonance, but also through the elastic damping element in the bearing to absorb the vibration energy, which play a role in damping. In the case of aeroengines, the use of squeeze film elastomeric damping bearings reduces the amplitude of the resonance by up to 90% to ensure proper engine operation. For some small and medium-sized rotary machinery, the use of simple structure of the rubber elastic damping bearings, but also has obvious damping effect, the so-called rubber elastic damping bearings, bearings and housings plus a ring of rubber components, the use of rubber elasticity And damping, to adjust the natural frequency of the system and the consumption of vibration energy, so as to achieve the purpose of damping. The structure shown in Figure 3. This structure has been used in some separation machinery. Such as hanging centrifuge, tube centrifuge and so on. However, the calculation of the damping effect and the natural frequency still lacks further experimental research. In order to expand the application range of rubber elastic damping bearings, especially in the application of separation machinery, we do some experimental research on its damping effect and do the theoretical analysis on the stiffness calculation of elastic bearings.