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以往关于中国劳动力迁移或流动的研究大多沿着经济学的分析思路,认为劳动力迁移的主要目标是实现个体或家庭收入的最大化。本文分析“2015年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查”的数据发现,在控制经济因素以后,赡养责任也对个体流动范围有显著影响。第一,当老家有兄弟姐妹或配偶照顾父母时,个体更可能选择远距离流动;但如果老家没有他人照顾父母,那么个体将不得不受赡养责任的影响而只能选择近距离流动。第二,赡养责任对汉族、农村人、教育程度较低的人和年龄较大的人的流动范围有更加显著的影响,但对男性和女性的影响并无明显不同。随着生育水平的下降和人口流动的家庭化趋势,未来将有越来越多的流动人口在老家没有兄弟姐妹且没有配偶的情况下发生流动,其流动范围也将在更大程度上受赡养压力的影响。由此产生的问题需要引起研究人员的关注。
In the past, most researches on labor migration or migration in China followed the economic thinking. The main objective of labor migration was to maximize the income of individuals and families. This article analyzes the data of the 2015 National Survey of Health and Family Planning of Floating Population and found that after controlling for economic factors, the responsibility of support has a significant impact on the scope of individual mobility. First, individuals are more likely to choose to travel long distances when their home has siblings or spouses to take care of their parents; but if the home has no other parent to take care of, then the individual will have to be dependent on parental responsibility for mobility. Second, the maintenance responsibility has a more pronounced effect on the mobility of Han, rural people, people with lower education, and older people, but the impact on men and women is not significantly different. With the declining birthrate and the trend of familialization of population movements, more and more migrant population will flow in the future without their siblings and spouses, and their mobility will also be largely supported The impact of stress. The resulting problems need to attract the attention of researchers.