死刑是对犯罪者最严厉的惩罚,因此必须保障其合法权利。从实证的角度分析,死刑出现错案的原因包括虚假证人证言(含同案犯伪证)、被告人虚假口供、鉴定结论错误(含鉴定缺陷)、侦查机关不当行为、法官不当行为、忽视无罪证据几种,为了避免出现错案,侦查机关和法院应当在诉讼活动中坚持客观义务原则、保障供述自愿、坚持罪疑从无、保障审判独立、建立合理的事后补救机制。 The death penalty is the most severe punishment for the perpetrator and must therefore be guaranteed its legal rights. From an empirical point of view, the reasons for the death penalty miscarriage include false witness testimony (including false testimony), the defendant false testimony, the appraisal conclusion error (including the identification of defects), the investigating authorities misconduct, judge misconduct, ignoring evidence of innocence In order to avoid wrong cases, investigation organs and courts should uphold the principle of objective obligations in litigation activities, guarantee the voluntariness of confession, adhere to the principle of no doubt, safeguard the independence of judiciary and establish a reasonable mechanism for ex post facto relief.