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以中国新疆维吾尔自治区南部塔里木盆地边缘库车、喀什和和田3个栽培杏群体的85个品种类型为试材,利用荧光标记AFLP对群体遗传结构进行了研究,结果表明:对64对EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ引物(其中MseI引物为FAM荧光标记物)进行了筛选,其中8对荧光标记引物谱带清晰,多态性高;同一引物在不同群体以及同一群体不同引物扩增多态性均存在显著差异,种级水平多态带百分率P>库车>和田>喀什3个群体水平;种级水平Nei基因多样度指数H和Shannon信息指数I>库车>和田>喀什3个群体水平。种级水平大于种下群体,各群体以库车最高;杏遗传多样性主要存在于群体内,群体间的遗传分化系数GST为0.0882,即群体间的遗传变异占总变异的8.82%,群体间的基因流Nm为5.1689;群体的遗传一致度在0.9772～0.9811之间,遗传距离在0.0191～0.0232之间,说明群体间的相似程度较高,遗传距离较小;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,库车、喀什、和田3个亚群可能是相对独立的孟德尔群体,但同时存在部分基因交流;各项研究指标都表明库车群体的遗传多样性都最高,它可能是野杏向栽培杏过渡的中间群体;南疆栽培杏群体拥有极为丰富的遗传多样性,为进一步的选择育种提供了更多的种质资源,为该地区杏群体生物多样性保护和利用提供理论依据。
Eighty-five cultivars of cultivated apricot population in Kuqa, Kashgar and Hetian, southern margin of the Tarim Basin in the southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, were used as experimental materials. The population genetic structure was studied using fluorescently labeled AFLP. The results showed that 64 pairs of EcoRⅠ / MseⅠ (MseI primers were FAM fluorescent markers) were screened, of which 8 pairs of fluorescently labeled primers with a clear band, high polymorphism; the same primer in different groups and the same population of different primers amplified polymorphisms were significantly different, The level of polymorphic bands at the species level was P> Kuqa> Wada> Kashgar; the level of Nei gene diversity index H and Shannon’s information index I> Kuche> Wada> Kashi 3 groups. The species level was higher than that of the sub-population, and the highest was in the Kuqa population. The apricot genetic diversity mainly existed in the population. The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.0882, that is, the genetic variation among the populations accounted for 8.82% of the total variance. , The gene flow Nm was 5.1689. The genetic identity of the population was between 0.9772 and 0.9811, and the genetic distance was between 0.0191 and 0.0232, indicating that the similarity between the populations was high and the genetic distance was small. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the library The three subgroups of car, Kashgar, and Hetian may be relatively independent Mendelian groups, but there are some gene exchanges at the same time. The research indicators all indicate that Kuqa population has the highest genetic diversity, which may be the transition from wild apricot to cultivated apricot The apricot population in southern Xinjiang has a very rich genetic diversity, which provides more germplasm resources for further selection breeding and provides a theoretical basis for the conservation and utilization of apricot population in this area.