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托妮·莫里森的《天堂》通过对比黑人聚居的鲁比镇固步自封的男性宗法社会和女修道院崇尚自然、开放博爱的人间天堂来呈现美国非洲裔族群在寻求自身发展过程中暴露出来的种种缺陷和弊端,揭露黑人群体因颠覆白人至上的种族歧视而自我迷失、异化并陷入“以黑为美”的新的种族主义的事实。借助生态批评理论剖析了《天堂》中美国黑人群体以集体无意识形式释放的精神失衡的内外动因,认为鲁比人精神生态危机既与美国社会、历史、文化息息相关,又与黑人人性弱点密不可分,进而说明莫里森的创作意图和生态责任意识。
Toni Morrison’s “Paradise” Reveals the Exposed African American Communities in Seek Their Own Development by Comparing the Self-proclaimed Male Patriarchal Society and the Convent inhabited by the Negro People in Nature Flaws and malpractices, exposing the fact that blacks are losing themselves, alienating themselves and falling into the new “racist” beauty of blackness because of subversion of white supremacy. Based on the theory of ecocriticism, this paper analyzes the internal and external motivation of the psychological unbalanced release of the American black population in paradise by collective unconsciousness. It holds that the spiritual and ecological crisis of the Ruby people is closely related to the social, historical and cultural aspects of the United States as well as to the human vulnerability of blacks. Then explain Morrison’s creative intent and ecological responsibility.