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用响应面优化超临界提取小球藻中精油的方法。将超临界和索式抽提到的精油用气-质联用分析其中的脂肪酸和挥发性成分。结果表明:最优条件是:压力41 MPa,温度40℃,液固比1.5。此条件下小球藻的提取率为5.3%。超临界流体萃取的油产率略低于索氏提取器。用GC-MS分析两种方法提取的精油中主要脂肪酸种类基本相同。超临界方法提取的总不饱和脂肪酸为131.85 mg/g,而索式抽提为154.65 mg/g。用顶空固相微萃取气-质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)鉴定超临界挥发性成分的含量、种类远远低于索式抽提。超临界方法萃取的小球藻精油中乙位紫罗兰酮具有强烈的花香,其感官品质高于用索氏提取法提取的。
Optimization of supercritical extraction of essential oil from Chlorella vulgaris with response surface. The supercritical and Soxhlet extraction of essential oil by gas-mass spectrometry with the analysis of fatty acids and volatile components. The results show that the optimum conditions are: pressure 41 MPa, temperature 40 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 1.5. Under this condition, the extraction rate of Chlorella was 5.3%. The supercritical fluid extraction yields slightly less oil than the Soxhlet extractor. The main fatty acids in essential oils extracted by GC-MS and GC-MS were almost the same. The total unsaturated fatty acids extracted by supercritical method were 131.85 mg / g, while the Soxhlet extraction was 154.65 mg / g. The content of supercritical volatile components was identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Supercritical extraction of chlorella essential oil B ionone has a strong floral, its sensory quality is higher than the Soxhlet extraction method.